1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:01:16,910 --> 00:01:20,038 I thought I was making a documentary 4 00:01:20,038 --> 00:01:23,250 on a tiger in the wild. 5 00:01:23,250 --> 00:01:26,295 But on May 8th, 2015, 6 00:01:26,295 --> 00:01:30,090 the tiger I was following killed a man. 7 00:01:30,090 --> 00:01:35,262 And my documentary became about something bigger. 8 00:01:36,430 --> 00:01:39,558 He's India's best known, most famous, 9 00:01:39,558 --> 00:01:42,269 or should I say infamous, tiger. 10 00:01:42,269 --> 00:01:46,106 His name is Ustad, T-24. 11 00:01:47,899 --> 00:01:51,695 The man that was killed was Rampal Saini, 12 00:01:51,695 --> 00:01:53,780 a forest guard. 13 00:01:53,780 --> 00:01:57,492 He is survived by his wife, Dholi Bai, 14 00:01:57,492 --> 00:02:01,079 and his son, Mohan, who was 17 years old 15 00:02:01,079 --> 00:02:03,081 on the date of the attack. 16 00:02:14,217 --> 00:02:15,594 The definition of a man eater 17 00:02:15,594 --> 00:02:17,888 is a tiger that kills and eats people. 18 00:02:17,888 --> 00:02:21,099 T-24 killed and ate two people. 19 00:02:21,099 --> 00:02:24,728 The forest guards were scared of doing any patrolling anymore, 20 00:02:24,728 --> 00:02:27,481 and specially in T-- T-24, Ustad's territory 21 00:02:27,481 --> 00:02:29,983 they absolutely refused to do any foot patrolling. 22 00:02:29,983 --> 00:02:32,652 This animal must be picked up and taken out, 23 00:02:32,652 --> 00:02:34,237 and he will always be a problem 24 00:02:34,237 --> 00:02:35,947 because he now has a memory implant 25 00:02:35,947 --> 00:02:37,574 that this is food. 26 00:02:43,747 --> 00:02:45,540 He was the pride of Ranthambore, 27 00:02:45,540 --> 00:02:48,543 but now is the biggest villain of the national park. 28 00:02:48,543 --> 00:02:51,380 We're talking about Ustad, or T-24, 29 00:02:51,380 --> 00:02:54,257 who was abruptly relocated a few days ago 30 00:02:54,257 --> 00:02:56,343 to a biological park in Udaipur, 31 00:02:56,343 --> 00:02:59,471 allegedly because he had turned into a man killer. 32 00:02:59,471 --> 00:03:02,224 Accused of killing four humans in the last five years, 33 00:03:02,224 --> 00:03:03,934 Ustad is now forced to live 34 00:03:03,934 --> 00:03:07,312 in a small enclosure, miles away from home. 35 00:03:44,766 --> 00:03:46,560 When this thing started, 36 00:03:46,560 --> 00:03:48,520 I had no idea what I was doing. 37 00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:50,897 So we're in Ranthambore, Rajasthan. 38 00:03:50,897 --> 00:03:52,607 It's May, um... 39 00:03:52,607 --> 00:03:55,026 What is it? May 23rd, 2012? 40 00:03:55,026 --> 00:03:57,195 It's, um, it's hot. 41 00:03:57,195 --> 00:03:59,990 It's about 45 degree Celsius, 42 00:03:59,990 --> 00:04:03,368 which I-- I think is 110 Fahrenheit, I'm sure. 43 00:04:04,828 --> 00:04:08,206 I was told to follow a tigress with cubs 44 00:04:08,206 --> 00:04:11,418 because those make for the best tiger documentaries. 45 00:04:12,878 --> 00:04:17,716 But then I saw this young male, T-24. 46 00:04:19,342 --> 00:04:22,554 Locally, he was known as Ustad, 47 00:04:22,554 --> 00:04:26,600 which means... the Master. 48 00:04:28,727 --> 00:04:31,313 How was I not gonna follow him? 49 00:04:33,648 --> 00:04:37,611 He turned out to be the dominant male of Ranthambore, 50 00:04:37,611 --> 00:04:42,616 a 109-square-mile national park in northwest India. 51 00:04:45,118 --> 00:04:49,789 For the most part, Ranthambore is Tiger paradise, 52 00:04:49,789 --> 00:04:53,627 with its large water bodies, ample prey, 53 00:04:53,627 --> 00:04:58,632 and plenty of camouflage in dry deciduous forest. 54 00:05:02,928 --> 00:05:07,057 A former hunting ground for the Maharajas of Jaipur, 55 00:05:07,057 --> 00:05:10,727 today, wild tigers are protected here. 56 00:05:10,727 --> 00:05:14,064 In fact, you can see them walking amongst the very relics 57 00:05:14,064 --> 00:05:16,399 from which they were once hunted. 58 00:05:20,779 --> 00:05:25,158 Twenty percent of the habitat is open for tourism. 59 00:05:25,158 --> 00:05:29,996 Here, tigers are maniacally pursued and celebrated. 60 00:05:29,996 --> 00:05:33,792 Tiger tourism is big business in Ranthambore, 61 00:05:33,792 --> 00:05:35,794 earning millions for hotel owners 62 00:05:35,794 --> 00:05:37,671 and the Forest Department, 63 00:05:37,671 --> 00:05:41,508 income which is put back into conservation. 64 00:05:44,177 --> 00:05:49,766 T-24's territory was nearly 20 square miles. 65 00:05:49,766 --> 00:05:53,228 It stretched all the way towards the main road 66 00:05:53,228 --> 00:05:56,356 from where pilgrims and tourists enter the park 67 00:05:56,356 --> 00:06:00,026 and towards a village called the Old City. 68 00:06:01,778 --> 00:06:05,657 I'd heard that he'd killed people. 69 00:06:05,657 --> 00:06:09,369 But at the time, I chose to ignore the attacks. 70 00:06:10,829 --> 00:06:13,540 I just wanted to follow him in the wild. 71 00:06:20,213 --> 00:06:22,465 He was kind of a super tiger, 72 00:06:22,465 --> 00:06:24,801 handsome, powerful... 73 00:06:26,219 --> 00:06:27,929 and he had a cool beard. 74 00:06:47,741 --> 00:06:50,827 He weighed nearly 600 pounds, 75 00:06:50,827 --> 00:06:54,080 huge, even for a Bengal tiger. 76 00:06:55,707 --> 00:06:57,709 He also had a family. 77 00:07:01,546 --> 00:07:02,797 This is Noor, 78 00:07:02,797 --> 00:07:06,926 T-24's one and only mating partner. 79 00:07:06,926 --> 00:07:10,764 And you can see why. She's pretty hot. 80 00:07:12,265 --> 00:07:16,770 This is Sultan, Noor's son through T-24. 81 00:07:16,770 --> 00:07:19,439 He's pretty big, too, for a one-year-old. 82 00:08:11,950 --> 00:08:17,330 December 2013 was my first winter with T-24. 83 00:08:17,330 --> 00:08:20,834 He seemed relaxed. Only the flies bothered him. 84 00:08:22,460 --> 00:08:24,504 But later he became annoyed 85 00:08:24,504 --> 00:08:26,840 by the presence of another tiger 86 00:08:26,840 --> 00:08:30,969 who turned out to be Sultan, now almost fully grown. 87 00:08:34,514 --> 00:08:39,352 While Sultan is still allowed in his father's territory, 88 00:08:39,352 --> 00:08:44,190 coming close could be interpreted as a challenge. 89 00:09:32,155 --> 00:09:34,574 I think it was about the time 90 00:09:34,574 --> 00:09:36,743 Sultan urinated himself 91 00:09:36,743 --> 00:09:40,079 that he realized he was in over his head 92 00:09:40,079 --> 00:09:42,916 and his only choice was to submit to his father. 93 00:09:44,375 --> 00:09:48,922 T-24 was entirely capable of killing his son, 94 00:09:48,922 --> 00:09:51,216 but chose to spare him. 95 00:09:55,261 --> 00:09:58,890 Pilgrims are allowed to walk through T-24's territory 96 00:09:58,890 --> 00:10:02,268 on certain days to visit the Ganesh Temple. 97 00:10:02,268 --> 00:10:06,105 Forest guards are on full alert on these days. 98 00:10:07,398 --> 00:10:09,859 This is not one of those days. 99 00:10:46,855 --> 00:10:49,774 Basically, we've got, we've got kids 100 00:10:49,774 --> 00:10:51,943 walk-- walking literally into the reserve 101 00:10:51,943 --> 00:10:53,611 because it, there's a back road 102 00:10:53,611 --> 00:10:57,115 that connects to the-- the temple. 103 00:10:57,115 --> 00:11:01,995 There's a big bunch of commotion right now. Um... 104 00:11:01,995 --> 00:11:05,123 You know, this is, this is T-24's territory, 105 00:11:05,123 --> 00:11:07,125 and he's gonna end up killing someone 106 00:11:07,125 --> 00:11:09,794 and, you know, the tiger will be blamed. 107 00:12:18,905 --> 00:12:21,199 In June 2014, 108 00:12:21,199 --> 00:12:24,035 Noor was spotted with her second litter. 109 00:12:25,745 --> 00:12:28,873 T-24 was a father again. 110 00:12:30,416 --> 00:12:35,755 Locals named the two male cubs Gora and Kalua. 111 00:12:44,639 --> 00:12:46,599 The cubs are now a year old. 112 00:12:46,599 --> 00:12:49,602 They've grown rapidly now that they're off milk 113 00:12:49,602 --> 00:12:53,439 and eating meat, which both parents provided plenty of. 114 00:12:55,274 --> 00:12:58,736 Noor would acquire prey traditionally, 115 00:12:58,736 --> 00:13:00,488 patiently stalking, 116 00:13:00,488 --> 00:13:04,909 ready to explode into the immense effort required 117 00:13:04,909 --> 00:13:08,913 in taking down family-sized prey. 118 00:13:17,130 --> 00:13:19,841 While T-24 would just show up 119 00:13:19,841 --> 00:13:21,634 like an undefeated brawler, 120 00:13:21,634 --> 00:13:24,804 usurping kills from other predators. 121 00:13:26,806 --> 00:13:29,267 T-24 is right behind me. 122 00:13:29,267 --> 00:13:33,104 Behind him is a somber kill, 123 00:13:33,104 --> 00:13:35,314 which is a-- a large deer, 124 00:13:35,314 --> 00:13:37,817 and, um, it wasn't his kill. 125 00:13:37,817 --> 00:13:40,028 He stole it from a-- a leopard. 126 00:13:40,028 --> 00:13:41,571 The leopard killed it ahead. 127 00:13:41,571 --> 00:13:43,990 He's dragged the kill behind to this tree, 128 00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:45,742 which is more secure for him. 129 00:13:50,329 --> 00:13:54,667 Although the leopard retreated and stayed retreated, 130 00:13:54,667 --> 00:13:58,379 T-24 kept watch over the kill all day 131 00:13:58,379 --> 00:14:01,215 and into the night without eating it. 132 00:14:05,344 --> 00:14:08,306 It was only in the morning that I realized 133 00:14:08,306 --> 00:14:10,975 he was saving meat for his family. 134 00:14:38,544 --> 00:14:43,841 In spite of his generosity, when T-24 wanted to eat, 135 00:14:43,841 --> 00:14:46,552 he wanted his space. 136 00:14:46,552 --> 00:14:52,350 If he seems like an abusive father right now, think again. 137 00:14:52,350 --> 00:14:56,562 However vicious he appears, it was not a real threat 138 00:14:56,562 --> 00:14:59,899 because he tolerated all kinds of mischief, 139 00:14:59,899 --> 00:15:02,193 like being swiped in the face... 140 00:15:03,236 --> 00:15:06,197 being forced to play... 141 00:15:06,197 --> 00:15:09,992 and being woken from an afternoon snooze. 142 00:15:32,682 --> 00:15:38,229 The Shiva Temple is located within T-24's territory. 143 00:15:38,229 --> 00:15:41,774 Today is Lord Shiva's birthday. 144 00:15:41,774 --> 00:15:46,279 Hundreds of pilgrims will walk through T-24's territory 145 00:15:46,279 --> 00:15:48,781 to visit the temple. 146 00:16:00,918 --> 00:16:02,712 Just one mile away, 147 00:16:02,712 --> 00:16:06,716 Noor has killed a bull on the path to the Shiva Temple 148 00:16:06,716 --> 00:16:09,135 and is sharing it with her son Kalua. 149 00:16:09,135 --> 00:16:13,306 This bull must have crossed over from the grazing area. 150 00:16:13,306 --> 00:16:15,725 The Forest Department anticipates 151 00:16:15,725 --> 00:16:20,188 that T-24 will join in the feasting soon. 152 00:16:20,188 --> 00:16:23,191 This is problematic given T-24's history 153 00:16:23,191 --> 00:16:26,277 and the incoming pilgrims. 154 00:16:26,277 --> 00:16:27,945 To protect the pilgrims, 155 00:16:27,945 --> 00:16:31,616 the Forest Department decides to intervene. 156 00:16:31,616 --> 00:16:34,327 When Noor and the cub step away, 157 00:16:34,327 --> 00:16:37,496 the forest guards seize their opportunity. 158 00:16:50,551 --> 00:16:54,847 The kill is moved deeper into the core. 159 00:16:54,847 --> 00:16:56,682 As invasive as this is, 160 00:16:56,682 --> 00:16:59,185 the Forest Department made a call 161 00:16:59,185 --> 00:17:00,811 in the interest of preventing 162 00:17:00,811 --> 00:17:04,190 potentially fatal man-animal conflict. 163 00:17:08,819 --> 00:17:11,530 Pilgrims were able to visit the Shiva Temple 164 00:17:11,530 --> 00:17:15,159 without incident throughout the day. 165 00:17:15,159 --> 00:17:18,287 [chanting in 166 00:17:44,730 --> 00:17:48,234 Later in the afternoon, Noor comes searching 167 00:17:48,234 --> 00:17:52,196 for her bull kill with her hungry cubs. 168 00:17:52,196 --> 00:17:53,739 Losing a large kill 169 00:17:53,739 --> 00:17:56,742 is a serious problem for a tiger family. 170 00:18:27,398 --> 00:18:30,484 When she locates the bull, she's suspicious. 171 00:18:30,484 --> 00:18:34,196 It's obvious, her kill has been tampered with. 172 00:18:37,033 --> 00:18:41,412 There will be no eating until she assesses the situation 173 00:18:41,412 --> 00:18:44,707 and hides her kill from further interference. 174 00:18:50,629 --> 00:18:54,842 The next morning, T-24 locates the bull kill. 175 00:18:56,302 --> 00:18:59,805 It was February 18th, 2015, 176 00:18:59,805 --> 00:19:04,143 the last day I would see T-24 in the wild. 177 00:19:06,645 --> 00:19:09,440 Three months later, he was removed 178 00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:11,901 for the killing of Rampal Saini, 179 00:19:11,901 --> 00:19:14,320 which, according to the Forest Department, 180 00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:17,782 was T-24's fourth human kill. 181 00:19:18,908 --> 00:19:22,453 My documentary had become bigger 182 00:19:22,453 --> 00:19:25,289 than just me and T-24. 183 00:19:25,289 --> 00:19:29,418 Now the whole country was involved. 184 00:20:02,034 --> 00:20:05,871 This protest is to get T-24, the tiger from Ranthambore, 185 00:20:05,871 --> 00:20:08,582 popularly called Ustad, to get him released from the zoo. 186 00:20:08,582 --> 00:20:10,501 He has been taken out of his natural habitat 187 00:20:10,501 --> 00:20:12,670 and put in a zoo, so we're talking about a tiger 188 00:20:12,670 --> 00:20:15,673 who is used to 30, 40 square kilometers of area 189 00:20:15,673 --> 00:20:18,134 now living in half-hectare enclosure. 190 00:20:18,134 --> 00:20:20,511 So you can imagine the life that he's living today. 191 00:20:20,511 --> 00:20:23,013 What would you do if you were in your home 192 00:20:23,013 --> 00:20:26,809 and somebody enters your home and catches you by surprise? 193 00:20:26,809 --> 00:20:29,103 If somebody comes to my house and I kill him, 194 00:20:29,103 --> 00:20:30,563 it's self-defense. 195 00:20:30,563 --> 00:20:32,440 Our voice is falling on deaf ears. 196 00:20:32,440 --> 00:20:35,234 I'm sorry the forest officials are thick-skinned, 197 00:20:35,234 --> 00:20:37,153 corrupt, and inept. 198 00:20:37,153 --> 00:20:39,530 The tiger is our national animal. 199 00:20:39,530 --> 00:20:41,407 We should be protecting it, 200 00:20:41,407 --> 00:20:44,785 not threatening it, not endangering it. 201 00:20:44,785 --> 00:20:49,248 Please stop making man eaters of our tigers. 202 00:20:58,924 --> 00:21:03,179 In the early 1900s, over 40,000 tigers 203 00:21:03,179 --> 00:21:07,558 thrived in India's diverse and pervasive forests. 204 00:21:07,558 --> 00:21:11,645 By the late 1960s, habitat destruction 205 00:21:11,645 --> 00:21:15,649 and the so-called royal sport of hunting 206 00:21:15,649 --> 00:21:19,403 reduced tigers to less than 2000 207 00:21:19,403 --> 00:21:21,697 hiding in fragmented remnants 208 00:21:21,697 --> 00:21:25,451 of a once sweeping tiger habitat. 209 00:22:01,237 --> 00:22:02,988 A record kill. 210 00:22:02,988 --> 00:22:05,991 Ten feet, two inches of stilled fury 211 00:22:05,991 --> 00:22:08,327 and now a great trophy. 212 00:22:08,327 --> 00:22:09,703 Nowhere else in the world 213 00:22:09,703 --> 00:22:11,455 could this hunt have taken place 214 00:22:11,455 --> 00:22:13,999 and at so small a cost. 215 00:22:13,999 --> 00:22:16,710 Yes, nowhere but India can the big-game hunter 216 00:22:16,710 --> 00:22:18,921 get so much for his money. 217 00:22:32,268 --> 00:22:37,147 In 1972, the government of India outlawed hunting. 218 00:22:37,147 --> 00:22:40,109 A year later, India's prime minister, 219 00:22:40,109 --> 00:22:44,738 Indira Gandhi, launched Project Tiger, 220 00:22:44,738 --> 00:22:48,867 legally protecting the little remaining tiger habitat 221 00:22:48,867 --> 00:22:53,122 through the creation of tiger reserves. 222 00:22:53,122 --> 00:22:56,875 Forest guards were hired to patrol these tiger reserves, 223 00:22:56,875 --> 00:23:01,005 and whole villages were moved outside the reserve perimeter. 224 00:23:02,298 --> 00:23:05,593 The National Tiger Conservation Authority, 225 00:23:05,593 --> 00:23:09,722 or NTCA, is a central government body 226 00:23:09,722 --> 00:23:13,559 that supports Project Tiger with legal backing. 227 00:23:15,060 --> 00:23:19,064 Ranthambore is one of fifty tiger reserves. 228 00:23:19,064 --> 00:23:22,026 All these tiger reserves combined 229 00:23:22,026 --> 00:23:27,239 represent less than 2% of the landmass of India. 230 00:23:27,239 --> 00:23:30,993 According to the NTCA, the tiger reserves 231 00:23:30,993 --> 00:23:34,413 are to be made up of a core and a buffer. 232 00:23:35,956 --> 00:23:40,169 The core is supposed to be exclusively for tigers, 233 00:23:40,169 --> 00:23:43,672 where their well-being is the priority. 234 00:23:45,758 --> 00:23:50,012 It gives tigers a place in the world, 235 00:23:50,012 --> 00:23:54,224 a sacred place that they can call their own. 236 00:23:59,271 --> 00:24:02,858 The buffer is supposed to separate the core 237 00:24:02,858 --> 00:24:04,485 from the village. 238 00:24:04,485 --> 00:24:08,238 Here, villagers are allowed to bring in cattle for grazing 239 00:24:08,238 --> 00:24:10,240 and pick firewood. 240 00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:11,867 With Ranthambore-- Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, 241 00:24:11,867 --> 00:24:14,119 when it was selected in 1974, 242 00:24:14,119 --> 00:24:17,498 it was the smallest of all the tiger reserves selected, 243 00:24:17,498 --> 00:24:18,749 and it has no buffer. 244 00:24:18,749 --> 00:24:20,292 It's like a little island 245 00:24:20,292 --> 00:24:24,546 in the middle of a very busy human population. 246 00:24:27,091 --> 00:24:29,802 No buffer means human activity 247 00:24:29,802 --> 00:24:32,805 borders the tigers' home. 248 00:24:32,805 --> 00:24:35,974 If you look at this grazing area, for example, 249 00:24:35,974 --> 00:24:38,811 it's only separated by the main road. 250 00:24:38,811 --> 00:24:41,814 And this is the road where all the tourists go in, 251 00:24:41,814 --> 00:24:44,817 where filmmakers like myself go in to film tigers 252 00:24:44,817 --> 00:24:47,236 inside the national park. 253 00:24:47,236 --> 00:24:48,821 Here's some more cattle 254 00:24:48,821 --> 00:24:51,657 walking to another grazing area. 255 00:24:51,657 --> 00:24:53,951 And then, there's this wall. 256 00:24:53,951 --> 00:24:57,871 And behind this wall is core area. 257 00:24:57,871 --> 00:25:00,791 And this is the reality of Ranthambore. 258 00:25:00,791 --> 00:25:03,335 There is no buffer. 259 00:25:03,335 --> 00:25:05,963 And when cattle stray in from the gate, 260 00:25:05,963 --> 00:25:08,298 they do get killed by tigers, 261 00:25:08,298 --> 00:25:10,342 which is upsetting to the villagers 262 00:25:10,342 --> 00:25:13,679 who generate their livelihood from cattle. 263 00:25:16,348 --> 00:25:20,352 The core itself is compromised in certain areas. 264 00:25:20,352 --> 00:25:24,022 As we have seen, Ranthambore allows villagers 265 00:25:24,022 --> 00:25:27,526 to enter the core for religious purposes. 266 00:25:31,405 --> 00:25:34,032 T-24's particular territory 267 00:25:34,032 --> 00:25:38,203 had the highest visitation of pilgrims. 268 00:25:38,203 --> 00:25:41,707 Rampal Saini was killed in the core area. 269 00:25:41,707 --> 00:25:45,836 But he had a right to be there because he was a forest guard. 270 00:25:45,836 --> 00:25:48,213 You don't wanna be off-roading in the forest 271 00:25:48,213 --> 00:25:50,591 because you will either damage the forest, 272 00:25:50,591 --> 00:25:52,760 or your jeep, or both. 273 00:25:52,760 --> 00:25:54,386 So jeeps stay on the road 274 00:25:54,386 --> 00:25:57,389 while forest guards have to do their job on foot 275 00:25:57,389 --> 00:26:01,518 in order to find poachers and to properly ID tigers 276 00:26:01,518 --> 00:26:06,732 as T-24, T-39, T-72, etcetera. 277 00:26:08,233 --> 00:26:11,570 We don't want a man eater out there on the loose, right? 278 00:26:11,570 --> 00:26:14,364 So it was very important to ID the tiger, 279 00:26:14,364 --> 00:26:16,575 which has not been done. 280 00:26:16,575 --> 00:26:21,538 Nobody saw him clearly when the incident happened, 281 00:26:21,538 --> 00:26:25,125 and in the melee, all they could say was it was a tiger. 282 00:26:25,125 --> 00:26:27,753 Whether it was Sultan, whether it was Ustad, 283 00:26:27,753 --> 00:26:29,963 or Star Male, who used to frequent 284 00:26:29,963 --> 00:26:33,342 that area occasionally, there was no positive ID made. 285 00:26:33,342 --> 00:26:35,552 The area where Rampal Saini was killed 286 00:26:35,552 --> 00:26:38,096 was definitely in T-24's territory. 287 00:26:38,096 --> 00:26:39,765 Star Male never came there. 288 00:26:39,765 --> 00:26:41,391 Star Male used to come to another place, 289 00:26:41,391 --> 00:26:43,727 but a kilometer away from where Rampal was killed. 290 00:26:43,727 --> 00:26:45,813 There probably 5% chance whether it could be Star Male, 291 00:26:45,813 --> 00:26:48,941 95% chance that it had to be T-24. 292 00:26:53,445 --> 00:26:58,367 T-24's oldest son Sultan, was the prime suspect 293 00:26:58,367 --> 00:27:01,745 in the immediate confusion after the attack 294 00:27:01,745 --> 00:27:04,581 and was labeled as the killer tiger 295 00:27:04,581 --> 00:27:06,625 in the first news reports. 296 00:27:06,625 --> 00:27:08,293 I also heard that it wasn't T-24. 297 00:27:08,293 --> 00:27:10,921 Sultan was spotted by a few tourist vehicles 298 00:27:10,921 --> 00:27:13,423 who have seen and identified Sultan there before. 299 00:27:13,423 --> 00:27:16,552 And since Ustad and Sultan were seen together, 300 00:27:16,552 --> 00:27:18,470 they were, they were in the same territory that time, 301 00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:21,306 I have... The week before that when I was in Ranthambore, 302 00:27:21,306 --> 00:27:23,475 I've shot both of them together. 303 00:27:23,475 --> 00:27:26,228 Since Sultan and Ustad were both seen together, 304 00:27:26,228 --> 00:27:29,064 and if Sultan actually did the killing and not Ustad, 305 00:27:29,064 --> 00:27:30,566 and Ustad, since he was nearby, 306 00:27:30,566 --> 00:27:32,818 he came, he's an animal, he sniffed blood. 307 00:27:32,818 --> 00:27:34,486 And he just happened to be 308 00:27:34,486 --> 00:27:36,822 at the wrong place at the wrong time. 309 00:28:12,357 --> 00:28:14,860 If we get attacked, just keep rolling, okay? 310 00:28:18,864 --> 00:28:20,866 This is the exact spot where Rampal was killed. 311 00:28:20,866 --> 00:28:22,534 And that's the-- that's the road to the fort. 312 00:28:22,534 --> 00:28:24,369 That's the road? Okay. 313 00:28:24,369 --> 00:28:26,997 Whenever a tiger comes along this main road 314 00:28:26,997 --> 00:28:29,333 the guards are deployed right away 315 00:28:29,333 --> 00:28:31,793 because a lot of people walk on this road. 316 00:31:27,219 --> 00:31:29,054 We got one forest canter to park 317 00:31:29,054 --> 00:31:31,848 about 100, 200 meters down the road here. 318 00:31:31,848 --> 00:31:33,725 Another forest jeep to park about 319 00:31:33,725 --> 00:31:35,352 200 meters down the road here. 320 00:31:35,352 --> 00:31:37,020 - The other side, okay. Okay. - Yeah, the other side. 321 00:31:37,020 --> 00:31:40,107 They were parked in such a way that they could see each other. 322 00:31:40,107 --> 00:31:42,192 And then, the fourth forest jeep parked there. 323 00:31:42,192 --> 00:31:44,361 The idea was that we park these four jeeps in such a way 324 00:31:44,361 --> 00:31:47,072 that if a tiger is still within this area 325 00:31:47,072 --> 00:31:48,490 and he moves, we'll surely see him. 326 00:31:48,490 --> 00:31:51,827 We reached here, uh, very close to, uh, 327 00:31:51,827 --> 00:31:54,079 very close to the spot, the moment we reached here 328 00:31:54,079 --> 00:31:56,414 we saw the tiger come out of behind this bush. 329 00:31:56,414 --> 00:31:58,125 At that time, there was some blood lying here 330 00:31:58,125 --> 00:32:00,293 and a small part of Rampal's skull. 331 00:32:00,293 --> 00:32:02,295 He came, started sniffing at the blood, licked it. 332 00:32:02,295 --> 00:32:05,549 He looked up and we identified him as T-24 right away. 333 00:32:05,549 --> 00:32:08,260 There was a spot of blood just here. 334 00:32:08,260 --> 00:32:09,928 We actually, we drove the car right up till here, 335 00:32:09,928 --> 00:32:13,223 and we saw the T-24 come out, when we first identified him. 336 00:32:13,223 --> 00:32:14,975 - Yeah. - He started snarling at us. 337 00:32:14,975 --> 00:32:16,351 - So we drove back. - Okay. 338 00:32:16,351 --> 00:32:17,936 And then he came up here, 339 00:32:17,936 --> 00:32:19,688 licked this blood, started looking around here, 340 00:32:19,688 --> 00:32:22,232 all around, uh, for good about 20 minutes 341 00:32:22,232 --> 00:32:23,900 till it became pretty dark. 342 00:32:26,278 --> 00:32:29,114 He's smelling for the... 343 00:33:56,493 --> 00:33:59,371 This was a clear stalk and hit. 344 00:33:59,371 --> 00:34:01,539 Yeah, but tell me how it's a clear stalk and hit. 345 00:34:01,539 --> 00:34:05,001 Because a stalk and hit is always from the back. 346 00:34:05,001 --> 00:34:07,170 - Okay. - An attack is from the front. 347 00:34:07,170 --> 00:34:08,546 - Okay. - Attack is from the front. 348 00:34:08,546 --> 00:34:10,257 You mean a chance-encounter attack. 349 00:34:10,257 --> 00:34:12,175 Yeah, a chance-encounter attack. 350 00:34:12,175 --> 00:34:13,843 Defense attack will always be from the front. 351 00:34:13,843 --> 00:34:16,012 And an attack is noisy. 352 00:34:16,012 --> 00:34:17,806 - Yeah. - The tiger roars, screams. 353 00:34:17,806 --> 00:34:20,100 - Yeah. Yeah. - You know, it gets very loud. 354 00:34:20,100 --> 00:34:21,851 Because a chance-encounter attack 355 00:34:21,851 --> 00:34:24,104 is basically the tiger's way of telling you to get lost. 356 00:34:24,104 --> 00:34:25,438 - Yeah. - Or pushing you away from them. 357 00:34:25,438 --> 00:34:26,564 - He's warning you. - He's warning you. 358 00:34:26,564 --> 00:34:27,899 - Yeah. - This was silent. 359 00:34:27,899 --> 00:34:29,150 Nobody heard it. 360 00:34:33,238 --> 00:34:34,823 So here's what we know 361 00:34:34,823 --> 00:34:38,410 about the May 8th, 2015, attack. 362 00:34:38,410 --> 00:34:42,372 At 6:00 p.m., forest guard Rampal Saini 363 00:34:42,372 --> 00:34:44,416 goes into the forest alone 364 00:34:44,416 --> 00:34:47,669 to verify a tiger that was reported in the area. 365 00:34:49,462 --> 00:34:54,843 He's 20 feet off the main road into core tiger territory. 366 00:34:54,843 --> 00:34:57,387 A tiger attacks Rampal. 367 00:34:57,387 --> 00:35:00,849 This attack is either a chance encounter 368 00:35:00,849 --> 00:35:03,560 where the animal acted in self-defense 369 00:35:03,560 --> 00:35:05,562 or a stalk and hit 370 00:35:05,562 --> 00:35:09,149 with the intention to kill and eat Rampal. 371 00:35:09,149 --> 00:35:10,775 Rampal falls to the ground, 372 00:35:10,775 --> 00:35:14,029 and the tiger proceeds to grab him by the neck. 373 00:35:14,029 --> 00:35:18,199 Shankar Lal drives up and slams his brakes 374 00:35:18,199 --> 00:35:19,784 upon seeing the tiger. 375 00:35:19,784 --> 00:35:23,955 The skidding of his car causes the tiger to flee. 376 00:35:23,955 --> 00:35:26,791 Forest guard Mundher rushes in 377 00:35:26,791 --> 00:35:29,961 and drags bleeding Rampal towards the road. 378 00:35:29,961 --> 00:35:34,257 Forester Hukam Chand Meena flags down a jeep. 379 00:35:34,257 --> 00:35:37,927 They load Rampal into the jeep, which speeds to the hospital 380 00:35:37,927 --> 00:35:40,638 where Rampal is pronounced dead. 381 00:35:42,140 --> 00:35:44,893 The Forest Department, along with Aditya Singh, 382 00:35:44,893 --> 00:35:46,770 return to the scene of the attack 383 00:35:46,770 --> 00:35:51,274 at approximately 7 p.m. to find a large male tiger 384 00:35:51,274 --> 00:35:53,443 smelling and licking 385 00:35:53,443 --> 00:35:57,113 the still-wet blood of Rampal Saini. 386 00:35:57,113 --> 00:36:02,160 They positively identify this tiger as Tiger Number 24 387 00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:07,165 and take photographic evidence to confirm their findings. 388 00:36:07,165 --> 00:36:09,334 They use this evidence to conclude 389 00:36:09,334 --> 00:36:12,796 that T-24 was the killer tiger. 390 00:36:12,796 --> 00:36:15,673 See, a tiger sniffing blood on the road 391 00:36:15,673 --> 00:36:18,968 does not implicate him as the murderer. 392 00:36:34,401 --> 00:36:36,361 You remember this bull kill 393 00:36:36,361 --> 00:36:38,029 from the opening of the film 394 00:36:38,029 --> 00:36:42,659 and how this was actually Noor's kill, not T-24's? 395 00:36:44,035 --> 00:36:47,997 Here's T-24 looking for that same bull kill 396 00:36:47,997 --> 00:36:50,625 the next morning. 397 00:36:50,625 --> 00:36:53,420 This is the same behavior that the Forest Department 398 00:36:53,420 --> 00:36:56,381 used to implicate T-24 399 00:36:56,381 --> 00:36:59,509 as the tiger that killed Rampal Saini. 400 00:37:06,891 --> 00:37:09,894 Look at T-24 devouring this kill. 401 00:37:14,524 --> 00:37:17,527 See how he drags it like it is his kill, 402 00:37:17,527 --> 00:37:20,697 how he wants to pull it deeper into the bush, 403 00:37:20,697 --> 00:37:24,367 further punctuating that this must be his kill. 404 00:37:25,994 --> 00:37:29,330 But we know that it was not his kill. 405 00:37:32,542 --> 00:37:37,755 To definitively ID T-24 as Rampal's killer 406 00:37:37,755 --> 00:37:41,885 would require identification at the moment of the attack. 407 00:37:43,052 --> 00:37:44,721 Virtually impossible, 408 00:37:44,721 --> 00:37:47,432 given that it was a hit and run. 409 00:37:47,432 --> 00:37:49,392 Or resort to technology. 410 00:37:49,392 --> 00:37:51,060 We have technology which can help. 411 00:37:51,060 --> 00:37:54,856 Why wasn't it established through forensic means? 412 00:37:54,856 --> 00:37:59,027 Forensics are part of the NTCA guidelines 413 00:37:59,027 --> 00:38:02,363 for identifying man-eating tigers. 414 00:38:02,363 --> 00:38:04,324 I support forensics, but we are living 415 00:38:04,324 --> 00:38:06,409 in a country called India. 416 00:38:06,409 --> 00:38:07,785 We are living in a forest department 417 00:38:07,785 --> 00:38:09,496 where you haven't given even a uniform 418 00:38:09,496 --> 00:38:11,039 to the forest guard properly. 419 00:38:11,039 --> 00:38:13,416 Where every little thing, including their ration, 420 00:38:13,416 --> 00:38:14,876 what they do in the day or the night, 421 00:38:14,876 --> 00:38:16,628 has a big problem attached to it. 422 00:38:16,628 --> 00:38:18,838 Where people like myself have worked 40 years 423 00:38:18,838 --> 00:38:20,965 on government committees to solve these problems 424 00:38:20,965 --> 00:38:23,301 and have been unsuccessful because we live in a world 425 00:38:23,301 --> 00:38:24,636 of babus and bureaucrats 426 00:38:24,636 --> 00:38:26,971 who don't know how to govern, okay? 427 00:38:26,971 --> 00:38:29,766 They take a hundred years to solve little problems. 428 00:38:29,766 --> 00:38:31,226 They don't solve them in the same day. 429 00:38:31,226 --> 00:38:33,645 Do you think that we haven't fought for forensics 430 00:38:33,645 --> 00:38:36,439 in every region, so you have a hundred forensic labs 431 00:38:36,439 --> 00:38:37,857 that you can deal with, or you have 432 00:38:37,857 --> 00:38:40,485 little areas within the park itself? 433 00:38:40,485 --> 00:38:43,071 But these are, this is like, you know, saying, 434 00:38:43,071 --> 00:38:45,114 "Oh, this is gonna be a miracle if it happens." 435 00:38:45,114 --> 00:38:48,326 We can't get the first A-B-C-D of the alphabet to happen. 436 00:38:48,326 --> 00:38:51,829 So should the public think that forensics can happen? 437 00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:54,123 In a country like India have you driven in traffic in Delhi? 438 00:38:54,123 --> 00:38:56,000 - Yeah, it's crazy, yeah. - You know what a rule is? 439 00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:57,544 What is a traffic light? 440 00:38:57,544 --> 00:38:59,087 Where is the pedestrian crossing? 441 00:38:59,087 --> 00:39:00,964 I mean, we give more and more driving licenses. 442 00:39:00,964 --> 00:39:03,383 Do you know that nobody takes a test for a driving license? 443 00:39:03,383 --> 00:39:06,219 Do you know that everybody out there on the road is a killer? 444 00:39:06,219 --> 00:39:07,679 Why don't the public at large 445 00:39:07,679 --> 00:39:09,639 go and stop the traffic regulations? 446 00:39:09,639 --> 00:39:11,683 Why don't they say that there should be safe traffic? 447 00:39:11,683 --> 00:39:13,726 Do we do anything in this country correctly? 448 00:39:13,726 --> 00:39:15,937 And you want forensics in a tiger forest? 449 00:39:15,937 --> 00:39:19,065 Out there in boondocks? Who's gonna bring it to you? 450 00:39:19,065 --> 00:39:20,525 God? 451 00:39:20,525 --> 00:39:22,735 So what you're saying is ideally, yes-- 452 00:39:22,735 --> 00:39:24,654 Of course ideally yes. Of course we... 453 00:39:24,654 --> 00:39:28,324 I-- I've put it down in recommendations 20 years ago, 454 00:39:28,324 --> 00:39:30,034 but they don't come through. 455 00:39:36,666 --> 00:39:40,169 This tiger, T-24, he did not kill Rampal Saini. 456 00:39:40,169 --> 00:39:42,547 It's not the tiger which killed Rampal Saini. 457 00:39:42,547 --> 00:39:44,173 It's the defunct system. 458 00:39:44,173 --> 00:39:48,720 The law says that if you have to translocate any animal, 459 00:39:48,720 --> 00:39:50,972 specially if it is a Schedule 1 animal 460 00:39:50,972 --> 00:39:52,724 under the Wildlife Protection Act, 461 00:39:52,724 --> 00:39:55,685 Please seek the permission of the Central Government, 462 00:39:55,685 --> 00:39:57,103 which in this case would be 463 00:39:57,103 --> 00:39:58,771 the National Tiger Conservation Authority. 464 00:39:58,771 --> 00:40:00,231 There was no communication between 465 00:40:00,231 --> 00:40:01,941 the chief wildlife warden and the NTCA, 466 00:40:01,941 --> 00:40:03,568 and I've confirmed that personally. 467 00:40:03,568 --> 00:40:05,612 If you were the chief wildlife warden, 468 00:40:05,612 --> 00:40:07,697 your field director, Sahu, whoever it is, 469 00:40:07,697 --> 00:40:11,409 says, "T-24 has killed this guard. 470 00:40:11,409 --> 00:40:13,202 We have determined this," you know, 471 00:40:13,202 --> 00:40:15,997 "We want to move him," or whatever, you... 472 00:40:15,997 --> 00:40:18,750 What is your move from there? Do you call the NTCA? 473 00:40:18,750 --> 00:40:20,209 - Do you write them a note? - Yes. 474 00:40:20,209 --> 00:40:22,587 You cannot shift an animal, 475 00:40:22,587 --> 00:40:25,089 as per the NTCA guidelines, 476 00:40:25,089 --> 00:40:28,843 without the abject approval of the NTCA. 477 00:40:28,843 --> 00:40:31,220 - You have to have it on paper. Yeah. 478 00:40:31,220 --> 00:40:32,597 In this particular case, 479 00:40:32,597 --> 00:40:36,768 I'm told that the approval was taken later on 480 00:40:36,768 --> 00:40:40,772 after the tiger was moved to, uh, the zoo. 481 00:40:43,775 --> 00:40:49,656 NTCA has the mandate to provide guidelines, 482 00:40:49,656 --> 00:40:51,532 norms for tiger conservation. 483 00:40:51,532 --> 00:40:54,619 So if you've created a certain guideline for translocation, 484 00:40:54,619 --> 00:40:57,622 for example, or to declare a big cat as a man-eater, 485 00:40:57,622 --> 00:40:59,082 then you're supposed to ensure 486 00:40:59,082 --> 00:41:01,793 that the state governments follow those guidelines, 487 00:41:01,793 --> 00:41:04,420 follow those norms, follow those protocols. 488 00:41:04,420 --> 00:41:06,464 Unfortunately, in this particular case, 489 00:41:06,464 --> 00:41:07,965 none of that happened. 490 00:41:10,259 --> 00:41:14,430 On May 28th, 2015, Chandrabhal Singh 491 00:41:14,430 --> 00:41:20,019 was set to present his case to return T-24 to the wild. 492 00:41:29,821 --> 00:41:33,116 The High Court dismissed Chandrabhal's case. 493 00:41:36,160 --> 00:41:39,080 They stated that the removal of T-24 494 00:41:39,080 --> 00:41:41,999 was "A decision taken by Forest Officials 495 00:41:41,999 --> 00:41:46,796 who are experts in wild life and tiger management." 496 00:41:46,796 --> 00:41:50,049 And was based on T-24's successive killings, 497 00:41:50,049 --> 00:41:53,594 Rampal Saini being the fourth victim. 498 00:41:57,765 --> 00:42:01,477 The High Court's dismissal implied that T-24 499 00:42:01,477 --> 00:42:03,187 was a man-eating tiger. 500 00:42:05,189 --> 00:42:08,860 All the four incidents happened in the core area of the forest, 501 00:42:08,860 --> 00:42:10,528 and not a single incident 502 00:42:10,528 --> 00:42:12,572 it happened in the human settlement. 503 00:42:12,572 --> 00:42:14,949 So how can we call this tiger a man eater? 504 00:42:17,285 --> 00:42:20,163 Him being taken out of his territory 505 00:42:20,163 --> 00:42:24,959 by wrongful and inconclusive evidence is not correct. 506 00:42:28,045 --> 00:42:30,840 Without him, his two cubs 507 00:42:30,840 --> 00:42:34,552 are vulnerable to another male tiger attack. 508 00:42:39,557 --> 00:42:41,100 If T-24 is not there, 509 00:42:41,100 --> 00:42:43,352 that puts Noor, T-39, at a bigger risk. 510 00:42:43,352 --> 00:42:46,105 I'm not worried about, uh, you know, the cubs. 511 00:42:46,105 --> 00:42:48,316 The first in the line of fire is the T-39. 512 00:42:48,316 --> 00:42:52,445 To defend her cub, she's gonna be at the greater risk. 513 00:42:59,869 --> 00:43:02,413 Okay, it's June 10th, 6:00 p.m. 514 00:43:02,413 --> 00:43:04,916 Um, and it's raining, obviously. 515 00:43:04,916 --> 00:43:08,753 Um, it's my first time in Ranthambore 516 00:43:08,753 --> 00:43:11,130 uh, without T-24 in the reserve, 517 00:43:11,130 --> 00:43:14,550 and I'm a little concerned that it's raining. 518 00:43:14,550 --> 00:43:16,427 T-24's scent markings, 519 00:43:16,427 --> 00:43:19,514 um, from his scent glands and his urine sprays, 520 00:43:19,514 --> 00:43:24,769 all those kinds of markings are now going to lose any value 521 00:43:24,769 --> 00:43:26,103 because of the rain. 522 00:43:26,103 --> 00:43:28,231 They're gonna be literally washed away. 523 00:43:28,231 --> 00:43:31,359 And this is problematic for T-39, 524 00:43:31,359 --> 00:43:34,070 also known as Noor, who is his mating partner, 525 00:43:34,070 --> 00:43:37,156 um, and the two, the cubs who are just over a year old, 526 00:43:37,156 --> 00:43:39,784 because other males are much more likely 527 00:43:39,784 --> 00:43:41,285 to come into his territory now, 528 00:43:41,285 --> 00:43:45,122 given that, um, his scent has gone away. 529 00:44:06,602 --> 00:44:10,439 The rain cleared, and I located Gora, 530 00:44:10,439 --> 00:44:14,652 now nearly his mother's size, but clearly in distress 531 00:44:14,652 --> 00:44:16,821 because he could not find her. 532 00:44:24,996 --> 00:44:26,581 Gora's brother, Kalua, 533 00:44:26,581 --> 00:44:28,583 was dealing with the stress of tourists 534 00:44:28,583 --> 00:44:32,503 blocking his path and flashing their cameras 535 00:44:32,503 --> 00:44:34,547 as he tried to cross the road 536 00:44:34,547 --> 00:44:38,301 to return to his parents' territory, 537 00:44:38,301 --> 00:44:41,804 presumably also looking for his mother, Noor, 538 00:44:41,804 --> 00:44:44,265 and his father, T-24. 539 00:44:46,642 --> 00:44:48,519 When I finally found Noor, 540 00:44:48,519 --> 00:44:51,689 she seemed to be intensively disturbed. 541 00:44:51,689 --> 00:44:57,987 She appeared to be looking for and calling for T-24, 542 00:44:57,987 --> 00:45:00,197 but did not get a call back. 543 00:45:51,040 --> 00:45:53,209 After weeks of looking, 544 00:45:53,209 --> 00:45:58,047 she encounters a male inside T-24's territory. 545 00:46:00,049 --> 00:46:02,468 But it is not her king. 546 00:46:02,468 --> 00:46:05,262 It is a new male, T-57. 547 00:46:07,640 --> 00:46:09,809 And once he locked in on her, 548 00:46:09,809 --> 00:46:13,896 he stayed on her relentlessly. 549 00:46:16,357 --> 00:46:20,027 Eventually, Noor submits to the new male. 550 00:46:38,337 --> 00:46:43,050 The cubs flee up north, never to be seen again. 551 00:46:51,934 --> 00:46:57,106 T-57 has now taken over T-24's territory 552 00:46:57,106 --> 00:46:59,108 and his mating partner. 553 00:48:13,724 --> 00:48:15,684 Her name... 554 00:48:15,684 --> 00:48:19,396 - Her name is Dholi Bai. Dholi Bai. 555 00:48:19,396 --> 00:48:20,523 Dholi means... 556 00:48:20,523 --> 00:48:21,607 Dholi means white. 557 00:49:10,823 --> 00:49:14,076 On June 16th, 2015, 558 00:49:14,076 --> 00:49:16,912 the National Tiger Conservation Authority 559 00:49:16,912 --> 00:49:21,292 issues an appraisal report on the removal of T-24 560 00:49:21,292 --> 00:49:23,711 from Ranthambore Tiger Reserve. 561 00:49:23,711 --> 00:49:26,130 "There were considerable time periods 562 00:49:26,130 --> 00:49:28,966 between the attacks involving T-24 563 00:49:28,966 --> 00:49:30,968 on human beings in its territory. 564 00:49:30,968 --> 00:49:33,470 However, for the rest of the period over the year, 565 00:49:33,470 --> 00:49:35,139 the said tiger was living 566 00:49:35,139 --> 00:49:37,725 on a natural-prey base in the territory. 567 00:49:37,725 --> 00:49:40,895 It may also be observed that in all the incidences, 568 00:49:40,895 --> 00:49:45,149 the human being went very close to the tiger 569 00:49:45,149 --> 00:49:47,568 in-- in-- in its territory, 570 00:49:47,568 --> 00:49:49,904 paving way for chance encounters 571 00:49:49,904 --> 00:49:54,116 within the fight-or-flight distance of the animal." 572 00:49:54,116 --> 00:49:57,328 So this report categorically and clearly says 573 00:49:57,328 --> 00:50:00,497 that this tiger was not a man eater. 574 00:50:00,497 --> 00:50:03,459 In Ranthambore, T-24 was a man eater. 575 00:50:03,459 --> 00:50:07,588 Just the fact that he had eaten one body nearly completely, 576 00:50:07,588 --> 00:50:09,215 he is a man eater. 577 00:50:09,215 --> 00:50:13,385 And anyone from NTCA or NTCA's parent organization, 578 00:50:13,385 --> 00:50:16,138 or the ministry, or anyone in the Forest Department, 579 00:50:16,138 --> 00:50:19,183 or anyone from anywhere who says different, 580 00:50:19,183 --> 00:50:20,809 has no knowledge about tigers. 581 00:50:20,809 --> 00:50:23,646 I'm not prepared to discuss it further in terms of the fact 582 00:50:23,646 --> 00:50:26,857 that I don't waste my time on people who don't have knowledge, 583 00:50:26,857 --> 00:50:28,859 whether they are in government or out of government. 584 00:50:28,859 --> 00:50:31,946 It would be ridiculous for anyone to come to Ranthambore 585 00:50:31,946 --> 00:50:35,324 from any part and say that T-24 was not a man eater, 586 00:50:35,324 --> 00:50:37,701 because that person has not done his homework 587 00:50:37,701 --> 00:50:40,120 and shouldn't be in the job that they are in. 588 00:50:45,542 --> 00:50:47,753 These are advisories, they wake up in the morning 589 00:50:47,753 --> 00:50:49,296 and write advisories. 590 00:50:49,296 --> 00:50:52,007 No state government will allow the federal government 591 00:50:52,007 --> 00:50:53,550 to rule them on this. 592 00:50:53,550 --> 00:50:56,220 Looking after tigers is a state subject. 593 00:50:56,220 --> 00:50:57,972 They transfer the forest officers, 594 00:50:57,972 --> 00:51:00,975 they manage the parks, they take on all the problems. 595 00:51:00,975 --> 00:51:04,395 They're not going to listen to little paper tigers 596 00:51:04,395 --> 00:51:06,063 that are sent by the NTCA. 597 00:51:06,063 --> 00:51:08,357 See, I-- I don't know enough science about tigers, 598 00:51:08,357 --> 00:51:11,527 but I think if science still allows the ti-- tiger 599 00:51:11,527 --> 00:51:14,446 to be rehabilitated in an alternative habitat 600 00:51:14,446 --> 00:51:17,533 because the law says alternative suitable habitat, 601 00:51:17,533 --> 00:51:19,410 which is definitely not a zoo. 602 00:51:19,410 --> 00:51:22,288 If-- if science can still permit the tiger 603 00:51:22,288 --> 00:51:24,540 to roam around freely in a suitable habitat, 604 00:51:24,540 --> 00:51:27,835 whether it is back to Ranthambore or portions of it, 605 00:51:27,835 --> 00:51:31,380 or adjoining it, I think it should go... still. 606 00:51:31,380 --> 00:51:33,424 And I think the NTCA is well within their right 607 00:51:33,424 --> 00:51:35,759 to convince them that that's a better option 608 00:51:35,759 --> 00:51:38,762 for the life of the tiger, rather than keeping them in zoo. 609 00:51:38,762 --> 00:51:43,309 And I have full faith in the judiciary that sooner or later, 610 00:51:43,309 --> 00:51:46,603 the voice of this animal will be heard. 611 00:51:46,603 --> 00:51:48,439 Armed with the new information 612 00:51:48,439 --> 00:51:50,858 from the NTCA report, 613 00:51:50,858 --> 00:51:54,278 Chandrabhal Singh refiled his case 614 00:51:54,278 --> 00:51:58,574 to return T-24 to the wild. 615 00:51:58,574 --> 00:52:02,077 To make your own judgment on T-24, 616 00:52:02,077 --> 00:52:05,664 you have to go back to his previous attacks 617 00:52:05,664 --> 00:52:10,377 and to the 2009 treatment of his paw injury. 618 00:52:22,639 --> 00:52:27,478 In April 2009, T-24 was seen limping 619 00:52:27,478 --> 00:52:31,774 due to a festering puncture wound from a thorn. 620 00:52:31,774 --> 00:52:35,110 He was tranquilized for treatment in the wild. 621 00:52:35,110 --> 00:52:37,196 The injured paw was cleaned 622 00:52:37,196 --> 00:52:40,157 and antibiotics were administered. 623 00:52:40,157 --> 00:52:43,160 Ice blocks were used to manage the inflammation. 624 00:52:45,079 --> 00:52:48,540 While unconscious, a radio collar was attached 625 00:52:48,540 --> 00:52:52,002 so that T-24 could be monitored. 626 00:53:21,407 --> 00:53:25,786 I'm convinced that T-24's dangerous attitude 627 00:53:25,786 --> 00:53:29,331 towards human beings started with that first incident 628 00:53:29,331 --> 00:53:32,543 of a badly managed radio-collaring operation. 629 00:53:32,543 --> 00:53:34,753 I've watched radio collaring in my life. 630 00:53:34,753 --> 00:53:36,547 I've seen tigers being radio collared, 631 00:53:36,547 --> 00:53:39,216 but in half an hour they're up and gone. 632 00:53:39,216 --> 00:53:40,551 This was ridiculous. 633 00:53:40,551 --> 00:53:42,845 - And therefore... - It was two days. 634 00:53:42,845 --> 00:53:44,721 The two days somebody should have been 635 00:53:44,721 --> 00:53:46,515 held accountable and answerable. 636 00:53:46,515 --> 00:53:47,891 - Well, he had the paw thing. - Why? 637 00:53:47,891 --> 00:53:49,601 They argue that he would have died. 638 00:53:49,601 --> 00:53:50,978 Would've been... Would it have been better for the-- 639 00:53:50,978 --> 00:53:53,397 Let him-- let him die. It's not your business. 640 00:53:53,397 --> 00:53:54,982 You're not playing God to the tiger. 641 00:53:54,982 --> 00:53:58,360 We are not God to the tiger. We are just human beings. 642 00:53:58,360 --> 00:54:01,196 We are observers of a natural world 643 00:54:01,196 --> 00:54:02,406 which we know so much about. 644 00:54:02,406 --> 00:54:04,199 I've spent 40 years watching tigers, 645 00:54:04,199 --> 00:54:06,869 I've probably seen more tigers and spent more time with tigers 646 00:54:06,869 --> 00:54:10,998 than anyone today in the world, but I'm still learning. 647 00:54:10,998 --> 00:54:13,584 Whereas all these new young scientists and forest officers 648 00:54:13,584 --> 00:54:16,378 who are posted think that they know the answer. 649 00:54:16,378 --> 00:54:17,921 You never know the answer. 650 00:54:17,921 --> 00:54:20,757 You have to have the humility to understand an animal 651 00:54:20,757 --> 00:54:24,052 and the humility not to interfere in it and let it be. 652 00:54:24,052 --> 00:54:26,597 - Yeah. Right. - If it has to die, it will die. 653 00:54:26,597 --> 00:54:28,056 And another will come in its place. 654 00:54:28,056 --> 00:54:29,766 That's what the natural world is about. 655 00:54:29,766 --> 00:54:31,310 - Okay. - Let's not interfere with it. 656 00:54:31,310 --> 00:54:33,937 So they interfered with the natural world. 657 00:54:33,937 --> 00:54:36,064 Dr. Rajeev Garg believes 658 00:54:36,064 --> 00:54:40,277 that his 48-hour treatment of T-24's paw injury 659 00:54:40,277 --> 00:54:44,781 had nothing to do with T-24's attacks on humans. 660 00:54:46,742 --> 00:54:50,662 Instead, Garg insists that T-24 661 00:54:50,662 --> 00:54:52,956 had lost his fear of humans 662 00:54:52,956 --> 00:54:56,460 due to their invasion into his territory. 663 00:55:01,423 --> 00:55:05,344 Would you call him a man eater or a-- 664 00:55:05,344 --> 00:55:06,720 Okay. 665 00:55:08,805 --> 00:55:09,890 Okay. 666 00:55:14,019 --> 00:55:15,729 Ghamandi? Yes. 667 00:55:19,816 --> 00:55:20,817 Yes. 668 00:55:26,657 --> 00:55:28,825 Yeah. The animal attacked Ghamandi. 669 00:55:52,057 --> 00:55:53,016 Okay. 670 00:56:30,304 --> 00:56:31,388 Right. 671 00:56:34,391 --> 00:56:35,559 Okay. 672 00:56:38,478 --> 00:56:39,646 Right. 673 00:56:48,071 --> 00:56:49,990 Yeah. Yeah. 674 00:56:54,077 --> 00:56:58,415 Okay. So you saw T-24 on Ghamandi's body? 675 00:56:58,415 --> 00:56:59,583 Yeah. 676 00:57:03,420 --> 00:57:04,630 -Grandmother. -Yes. 677 00:57:04,630 --> 00:57:06,548 Grandmother. 678 00:57:06,548 --> 00:57:08,550 - Your mother? Okay. - Ah, yeah, mother. 679 00:57:08,550 --> 00:57:10,552 Hello. Hello. Hello, how are you? 680 00:57:11,970 --> 00:57:13,472 Okay, okay, okay. 681 00:57:16,266 --> 00:57:18,977 Ghamandi's brother. Hi, nice to meet you. 682 00:57:18,977 --> 00:57:20,103 Nice to meet you. 683 00:57:35,619 --> 00:57:37,037 How are you? Mm. 684 00:58:32,175 --> 00:58:35,011 This is the main road at 6:00 a.m. 685 00:58:36,638 --> 00:58:38,974 Behind the wall you see on the left 686 00:58:38,974 --> 00:58:41,810 is the edge of T-24's territory. 687 00:58:44,813 --> 00:58:48,191 Just inside and outside the wall, 688 00:58:48,191 --> 00:58:52,696 villagers wash and relieve themselves. 689 00:58:52,696 --> 00:58:56,450 To defecate, they go in deeper into the core 690 00:58:56,450 --> 00:58:59,953 with bottles of water to clean themselves after. 691 00:59:01,371 --> 00:59:04,082 This is illegal and dangerous, 692 00:59:04,082 --> 00:59:07,377 but most days they will not see a tiger, 693 00:59:07,377 --> 00:59:10,046 let alone have a deadly encounter. 694 00:59:11,423 --> 00:59:13,675 According to Ghamandi's father, 695 00:59:13,675 --> 00:59:16,219 this is exactly what his son was doing 696 00:59:16,219 --> 00:59:19,556 the morning he was killed by T-24. 697 01:00:41,471 --> 01:00:44,599 Legally, the Forest Department was not obligated 698 01:00:44,599 --> 01:00:48,478 to provide any compensation to Ghamandi's family 699 01:00:48,478 --> 01:00:52,190 because he invaded core tiger territory. 700 01:00:52,190 --> 01:00:57,571 The $2000 compensation was likely a goodwill gesture 701 01:00:57,571 --> 01:01:01,950 because following the attack, Ghamandi's family and friends 702 01:01:01,950 --> 01:01:04,411 came close to mob violence. 703 01:01:10,208 --> 01:01:11,167 Surprise... 704 01:01:15,839 --> 01:01:17,007 Okay. 705 01:02:19,694 --> 01:02:22,197 So what probably happened is he came down here, 706 01:02:22,197 --> 01:02:25,533 the tiger was here, and then the argument is, 707 01:02:25,533 --> 01:02:27,410 why did the tiger attack, right? 708 01:02:27,410 --> 01:02:30,705 So it could be, yes, this is a man-eating tiger. 709 01:02:30,705 --> 01:02:32,248 This was a great opportunity. 710 01:02:32,248 --> 01:02:35,418 Or, two, that the tiger was surprised 711 01:02:35,418 --> 01:02:37,796 and this was like a chance encounter 712 01:02:37,796 --> 01:02:39,589 and that's why he was killed. 713 01:02:39,589 --> 01:02:41,257 Ashfaq was supposedly down here 714 01:02:41,257 --> 01:02:44,052 because the wood that's down here is better wood for cutting, 715 01:02:44,052 --> 01:02:46,930 and because there's, like, you know, Ficus leaves. 716 01:02:46,930 --> 01:02:49,099 That's-- that's the official report. 717 01:02:50,767 --> 01:02:52,435 Okay, now if you look over there, 718 01:02:52,435 --> 01:02:55,730 there's actually-- there's actually some locals. 719 01:03:20,296 --> 01:03:23,133 Okay, the-- the guard is getting really frustrated with me, 720 01:03:23,133 --> 01:03:26,970 but I just want to, like, see what these guys did. 721 01:04:29,115 --> 01:04:32,952 So-- so this is-- this is, um, the leaves 722 01:04:32,952 --> 01:04:39,417 that-- that Ashfaq was, was going to get for these goats. 723 01:05:29,551 --> 01:05:32,971 I just came from the village down over here. 724 01:05:32,971 --> 01:05:34,264 Uh, this is where Ashfaq used to live 725 01:05:34,264 --> 01:05:36,266 and now right behind me, there's-- there's 726 01:05:36,266 --> 01:05:39,853 grazing cattle coming down along with the cattle herders. 727 01:05:39,853 --> 01:05:41,938 They're right up over there, the guy's wearing a red shirt 728 01:05:41,938 --> 01:05:44,232 and the yellow shirt, they're-- they're coming down. 729 01:05:44,232 --> 01:05:45,942 And you can see that this invasion 730 01:05:45,942 --> 01:05:48,319 into the core is still happening. 731 01:05:48,319 --> 01:05:50,905 This is the sort of the, the edge of the core, 732 01:05:50,905 --> 01:05:53,867 because from here, it's this village right after that. 733 01:05:53,867 --> 01:05:56,911 And this is just the reality right now of Ranthambore. 734 01:05:56,911 --> 01:05:59,539 There isn't this sort of ideal situation 735 01:05:59,539 --> 01:06:03,251 where there's this core, then there's this buffer, 736 01:06:03,251 --> 01:06:04,794 and then, after that, there's the village. 737 01:06:04,794 --> 01:06:08,631 In many areas, there's core, and then there's village. 738 01:06:26,816 --> 01:06:30,320 Beyond all the need for livelihood, beyond all, 739 01:06:30,320 --> 01:06:33,740 you know, "I gotta collect wood for, you know, my family 740 01:06:33,740 --> 01:06:36,659 and leaves for my goats and all that," it's-- it's kind of fun. 741 01:06:36,659 --> 01:06:39,996 I mean, it's actually kind of fun to-- to... It's freedom. 742 01:06:39,996 --> 01:06:42,832 You know, I mean, it's-- it's just was fun for me 743 01:06:42,832 --> 01:06:44,500 to go up this hill and sit over here. 744 01:06:44,500 --> 01:06:46,336 It's just kind of a cool place to hang out. 745 01:06:46,336 --> 01:06:48,588 That's probably how this happened, you know? 746 01:06:48,588 --> 01:06:50,840 Um, you know, if I'm Ashfaq, I'm-- I'm do... 747 01:06:50,840 --> 01:06:54,677 Every day, I'm going here for a walk, I'm enjoying myself, 748 01:06:54,677 --> 01:06:56,804 I'm-- I'm picking up leaves for my goats, 749 01:06:56,804 --> 01:06:59,641 I'm-- I'm cutting wood, and this is what I do. 750 01:06:59,641 --> 01:07:01,976 I see a tiger or a leopard every once in a while 751 01:07:01,976 --> 01:07:03,603 really far away, and then, one day, 752 01:07:03,603 --> 01:07:08,983 I run right into one, and I get killed. 753 01:14:07,360 --> 01:14:09,695 If a pilgrim was killed, the potential 754 01:14:09,695 --> 01:14:11,864 for a riot would have been there. 755 01:14:19,413 --> 01:14:23,125 Even, like, poisoning in retaliation or something like-- 756 01:14:23,125 --> 01:14:26,754 Villagers have been known to poison tigers, 757 01:14:26,754 --> 01:14:29,965 burn the forest and the Forest Department quarters 758 01:14:29,965 --> 01:14:32,218 when they sense that the Forest Department 759 01:14:32,218 --> 01:14:35,888 has not protected them from tiger attacks. 760 01:16:47,436 --> 01:16:51,273 Although T-24's surgery was successful, 761 01:16:51,273 --> 01:16:56,153 his intestinal blockage became a chronic issue. 762 01:16:56,153 --> 01:17:01,200 I believe that it's 100% due to the claustrophobic 763 01:17:01,200 --> 01:17:02,993 and the constricted area 764 01:17:02,993 --> 01:17:05,162 to which the tiger has been confined. 765 01:17:05,162 --> 01:17:08,707 That is causing all this. Tiger is a-- is an animal... 766 01:17:08,707 --> 01:17:10,125 Causing the stomach problem? 767 01:17:10,125 --> 01:17:11,961 Causing the stomach problem. 768 01:18:22,573 --> 01:18:26,243 Over the next two years, Chandrabhal Singh 769 01:18:26,243 --> 01:18:30,456 continues to fight for T-24 through the legal system. 770 01:18:31,665 --> 01:18:34,543 On May 28th, 2017, 771 01:18:34,543 --> 01:18:37,713 after his review petition gets dismissed, 772 01:18:38,964 --> 01:18:40,716 he calls it quits. 773 01:18:58,692 --> 01:19:01,403 Meanwhile, back in Ranthambore, 774 01:19:01,403 --> 01:19:06,158 T-57 continues to rule over T-24's territory 775 01:19:06,158 --> 01:19:08,744 and over his mating partner, Noor. 776 01:19:16,710 --> 01:19:21,090 Through T-57, Noor produces three cubs. 777 01:19:27,054 --> 01:19:32,059 Life has moved on in Ranthambore without T-24. 778 01:19:43,278 --> 01:19:46,407 Right. One hectare in this case. 779 01:19:46,407 --> 01:19:47,366 Yeah. 780 01:19:51,745 --> 01:19:52,913 Right. 781 01:19:56,041 --> 01:19:59,420 T-24 as one of the tigers that I love, 782 01:19:59,420 --> 01:20:01,255 but I love all tigers. 783 01:20:01,255 --> 01:20:06,427 Once he started killing human beings, 784 01:20:06,427 --> 01:20:10,389 then he became a threat to his own species. 785 01:20:10,389 --> 01:20:15,144 Now, to protect the species, with a heavy heart, 786 01:20:15,144 --> 01:20:17,855 we had to agree that we had to send him away. 787 01:20:17,855 --> 01:20:20,899 It doesn't mean that I stopped loving him. 788 01:20:20,899 --> 01:20:25,571 And T-24 is one of the most beautiful specimens 789 01:20:25,571 --> 01:20:27,114 of a male tiger. 790 01:20:32,619 --> 01:20:35,956 I mean, I may partly be in love with T-24. 791 01:20:35,956 --> 01:20:37,499 I've loved my moments with him, 792 01:20:37,499 --> 01:20:40,252 but I also know that you have to manage a park, 793 01:20:40,252 --> 01:20:42,421 that you have to find a way to deal with local people 794 01:20:42,421 --> 01:20:44,214 and their problems, forest guards who don't want 795 01:20:44,214 --> 01:20:45,924 to patrol because of this animal. 796 01:20:51,430 --> 01:20:53,849 No. No. 797 01:20:53,849 --> 01:20:55,100 Right. 798 01:21:04,068 --> 01:21:06,612 So maybe there is no good guy 799 01:21:06,612 --> 01:21:11,158 or bad guy in this T-24 tragedy. 800 01:21:11,158 --> 01:21:13,327 Maybe that's life. 801 01:21:13,327 --> 01:21:18,165 Maybe if you look deep enough, there's dirt on everyone. 802 01:21:22,086 --> 01:21:25,214 Each side cares about T-24, 803 01:21:25,214 --> 01:21:28,217 but each side wants to tear the other down. 804 01:21:30,177 --> 01:21:33,305 Was T-24 a man eater? 805 01:21:35,557 --> 01:21:39,353 That will always be up for debate. 806 01:21:39,353 --> 01:21:42,022 But there is no debate that all the attacks 807 01:21:42,022 --> 01:21:46,902 occurred within his territory inside the core area, 808 01:21:46,902 --> 01:21:52,157 which is designated sacred space for tigers by law. 809 01:21:54,910 --> 01:21:58,372 T-24 was ultimately removed 810 01:21:58,372 --> 01:22:03,252 because the core area of tiger reserves are compromised, 811 01:22:03,252 --> 01:22:06,004 and these small remaining wild areas 812 01:22:06,004 --> 01:22:09,675 where tigers survive are managed by departments 813 01:22:09,675 --> 01:22:13,929 that must strike a balance between the tiger's needs, 814 01:22:13,929 --> 01:22:16,140 the needs of the forest staff, 815 01:22:16,140 --> 01:22:19,434 their families, and the villagers. 816 01:22:21,061 --> 01:22:25,649 In order to prevent conflict between tigers and humans, 817 01:22:25,649 --> 01:22:29,403 we must provide safe solutions for villagers 818 01:22:29,403 --> 01:22:32,781 entering the little remaining tiger habitat 819 01:22:32,781 --> 01:22:34,575 while empowering forest staff 820 01:22:34,575 --> 01:22:37,411 with safer patrolling protocols. 821 01:22:38,912 --> 01:22:40,539 Without these changes, 822 01:22:40,539 --> 01:22:43,458 attacks on humans will increase. 823 01:22:43,458 --> 01:22:47,254 And with that, an increasing number of tigers 824 01:22:47,254 --> 01:22:51,383 will be removed from the wild and put in zoos. 825 01:22:51,383 --> 01:22:55,220 And this is a tragedy for future generations 826 01:22:55,220 --> 01:22:59,474 because there's nothing quite as beautiful, inspirational, 827 01:22:59,474 --> 01:23:03,770 and important as a tiger in the wild. 828 01:23:42,684 --> 01:23:45,979 People travel from all over the world to India 829 01:23:45,979 --> 01:23:48,440 to see the last wild tigers. 830 01:23:50,400 --> 01:23:53,570 They admire them and photograph them 831 01:23:53,570 --> 01:23:55,697 as they would works of art. 832 01:24:05,415 --> 01:24:08,710 To take tigers away from the wild 833 01:24:08,710 --> 01:24:11,421 will be to take a piece of inspiration 834 01:24:11,421 --> 01:24:13,340 away from the world. 835 01:24:16,343 --> 01:24:22,641 To thrive, wild tigers require large forest expanses. 836 01:24:22,641 --> 01:24:26,812 This means that saving tigers also saves the forests, 837 01:24:26,812 --> 01:24:29,523 which in turn fights climate change, 838 01:24:29,523 --> 01:24:33,402 curbs soil erosion, purifies water, 839 01:24:33,402 --> 01:24:36,405 and maintains species diversity. 840 01:25:37,966 --> 01:25:42,804 If we can give tigers a sacred place in the world, 841 01:25:42,804 --> 01:25:47,934 we can make the world a better place for all species, 842 01:25:47,934 --> 01:25:49,728 including mankind.